{"id":11,"date":"2011-01-11T10:30:33","date_gmt":"2011-01-11T09:30:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.terroir.sk\/sjvs\/\/"},"modified":"2022-11-29T12:54:58","modified_gmt":"2022-11-29T11:54:58","slug":"vinohradnictvo","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.terroir.sk\/sjvs\/en\/vinohradnictvo\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00edno"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.terroir.sk\/sjvs\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/01\/terasy.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-1140\" src=\"https:\/\/www.terroir.sk\/sjvs\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/01\/terasy-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"terasy\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><\/a>Vinohrady a v\u00edno po st\u00e1ro\u010dia ovplyv\u0148ovali ka\u017edodenn\u00fd \u017eivot vo Sv\u00e4tom Jure. Stali sa hlavn\u00fdm mot\u00edvom v\u0161etk\u00e9ho diania v meste, zdrojom bohatstva a sebavedomia me\u0161\u0165anov. Pri zakladan\u00ed vin\u00edc bolo potrebn\u00e9 vykl\u010dova\u0165 lesy a prekopa\u0165 p\u00f4du pred vysaden\u00edm vini\u010da. Odstra\u0148ovanie sk\u00e1l bolo pravidelnou \u010dinnos\u0165ou, ktor\u00fa po st\u00e1ro\u010dia vykon\u00e1vali cel\u00e9 gener\u00e1cie. Pr\u00e1ce sa za\u010d\u00ednali spravidla vo febru\u00e1ri<strong> rezom<\/strong> prebyto\u010dn\u00e9ho dreva. Vyrasten\u00e9 mlad\u00e9 letorasty sa <strong>priv\u00e4zovali<\/strong> ku \u201e\u0161tekom\u201c \u2013 ag\u00e1tov\u00fdm kolom. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.terroir.sk\/sjvs\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/01\/viazanie-pantom.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-1141\" src=\"https:\/\/www.terroir.sk\/sjvs\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/01\/viazanie-pantom-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"viazanie pantom\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><\/a>\u00a0P\u00f4vodn\u00fdm viazac\u00edm materi\u00e1lom bola tr\u00e1va \u201epant\u201c, ktor\u00e1 sa pred pou\u017eit\u00edm nam\u00e1\u010dala a \u0161liapala pri studni\u010dk\u00e1ch. Nasledovala <strong>kopa\u010dka<\/strong> vidlami, pod vini\u010dom sa nech\u00e1vala \u201ejamka\u201c na zachyt\u00e1vanie da\u017e\u010fovej vody. Proti hubov\u00fdm chorob\u00e1m vini\u010da sa pou\u017e\u00edvali <strong>postreky<\/strong> modrou skalicou, niekedy s pridan\u00edm s\u00edry. V m\u00e1ji sa za\u010d\u00ednala \u201ezelen\u00e1 robota\u201c \u2013 <strong>vyplievanie<\/strong> neprodukt\u00edvnych letorastov, skyprovala sa p\u00f4da, ni\u010dila burina a pod\u013ea potreby sa postrekovalo. Za\u010diatkom augusta za\u010d\u00ednali dozrieva\u0165 prv\u00e9 skor\u00e9 sorty hrozna na v\u00fdrobu bur\u010diaka. <strong>Obera\u010dky<\/strong> pokra\u010dovali v septembri a okt\u00f3bri, pod\u013ea dozrievania jednotliv\u00fdch odr\u00f4d vini\u010da. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.terroir.sk\/sjvs\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/01\/obera\u010dka-voz-s-ka\u010fami.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-1139\" src=\"https:\/\/www.terroir.sk\/sjvs\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/01\/obera\u010dka-voz-s-ka\u010fami-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"obera\u010dka, voz s ka\u010fami\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><\/a>\u00a0Pri obera\u010dk\u00e1ch vinohradn\u00edci zn\u00e1\u0161ali hrozno v \u201eputniach\u201c na chrbte k pristaven\u00fdm vozom s ko\u0148mi alebo volmi. Tam ho vys\u00fdpali do kad\u00ed a odv\u00e1\u017eali do \u201epre\u0161ovn\u00ed\u201c v meste. Hrozno sa t\u013aklo alebo mlelo, plnilo do lisov a \u201epre\u0161ovalo\u201c. Mu\u0161t vo vysu\u0161en\u00fdch a vys\u00edren\u00fdch dreven\u00fdch sudoch kvasil a prech\u00e1dzal f\u00e1zou bur\u010diaka, ramp\u00e1\u0161a a mlad\u00e9ho v\u00edna. Po \u010dase sa v\u00edno st\u00e1\u010dalo, \u010d\u00edm sa oddelilo od kvasni\u010dn\u00fdch kalov. Pred st\u00e1ro\u010diami bola najviac cenen\u00e1 odroda <strong>Viridula<\/strong>, z ktorej sa vyr\u00e1balo jedine\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00edno \u2013 <strong>sv\u00e4tojursk\u00fd samotok<\/strong>. V priazniv\u00fdch rokoch bobule napadla u\u0161\u013eachtil\u00e1 plese\u0148, \u010d\u00edm do\u0161lo k zosu\u0161eniu a zv\u00fd\u0161eniu cukornatosti hrozna, ktor\u00e9 z\u00edskalo figov\u00fa chu\u0165. Tak\u00e9to hrozno sa starostlivo vyberalo, zmie\u0161alo sa s \u010derstv\u00fdm hroznom v pomere 6:1 a \u0161liapalo sa v kadiach, k\u00fdm scvrknut\u00e9 bobule Viriduly nenasiakli \u010derstvou hroznovou \u0161\u0165avou. Vypre\u0161ovan\u00fd mu\u0161t potom kvasil v osobitn\u00fdch s\u00fadkoch. Tak\u00fdmto sp\u00f4sobom sa dodnes vyr\u00e1baj\u00fa sladk\u00e9 tokajsk\u00e9 v\u00edna (v\u00fdbery), no sv\u00e4tojursk\u00fd samotok sa vyr\u00e1bal u\u017e d\u00e1vno pred nimi.<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>Najv\u00fdraznej\u0161\u00ed zlom vo vinohradn\u00edctve nastal koncom 19. storo\u010dia, ke\u010f bol aj vo sv\u00e4tojurskom chot\u00e1ri zaznamenan\u00fd <strong>v\u00fdskyt fylox\u00e9ry<\/strong> (Phylloxera vastatrix). T\u00e1to vo\u0161ka, parazituj\u00faca predov\u0161etk\u00fdm na kore\u0148och vini\u010da, bola do Eur\u00f3py privezen\u00e1 spolu s americk\u00fdmi odrodami vini\u010da a za nieko\u013eko desa\u0165ro\u010d\u00ed zni\u010dila v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inu p\u00f4vodn\u00fdch vin\u00edc. Odolnos\u0165 vo\u010di fylox\u00e9re bolo mo\u017en\u00e9 z\u00edska\u0165 iba \u0161tepen\u00edm eur\u00f3pskych odr\u00f4d na americk\u00e9 podpn\u00edky. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.terroir.sk\/sjvs\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/01\/nove.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-1138\" src=\"https:\/\/www.terroir.sk\/sjvs\/\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/01\/nove-150x150.jpg\" alt=\"nove\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" \/><\/a>\u00a0Po prevzat\u00ed vin\u00edc od s\u00fakromn\u00fdch vlastn\u00edkov v polovici 50-tych rokov 20. storo\u010dia po\u013enohospod\u00e1rske dru\u017estvo postupne pre\u0161lo na <strong>nov\u00fd sp\u00f4sob pestovania vini\u010da <\/strong>\u2013 na dr\u00f4toch natiahnut\u00fdch medzi bet\u00f3nov\u00fdmi st\u013apmi. Vini\u010d bol vysaden\u00fd v \u0161ir\u0161\u00edch sponoch, \u010do umo\u017enilo obr\u00e1banie, hnojenie a postrekovanie traktormi. Vtedaj\u0161ia vinohradn\u00edcka produkcia v\u0161ak bola zameran\u00e1 na kvantitu a produkovali sa hlavne priemern\u00e9 stolov\u00e9 v\u00edna. V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti \u010doraz viac vinohradn\u00edkov obr\u00e1ba svoje vinice <strong>syst\u00e9mom integrovanej produkcie,<\/strong> pri ktorom sa kladie d\u00f4raz na zachovanie prirodzenej funkcie agro-ekosyst\u00e9mov. Minim\u00e1lne ka\u017ed\u00e9 druh\u00e9 medziradie je zatr\u00e1vnen\u00e9, po\u010det rodiacich krov nesmie klesn\u00fa\u0165 pod 2000 kusov na hekt\u00e1r, obmedzen\u00e9 je hnojenie umel\u00fdmi hnojivami a na ochranu proti chorob\u00e1m sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa iba povolen\u00e9 pr\u00edpravky. Tento sp\u00f4sob pestovania hrozna prispieva nielen k ekologickej rovnov\u00e1he, ale v\u00fdraznou mierou ovplyv\u0148uje i tvorbu krajiny a trval\u00e9 udr\u017eanie bohatej biodiverzity fl\u00f3ry a fauny. Dnes v chot\u00e1ri dominuj\u00fa \u0161tyri biele odrody vini\u010da: <strong>M\u00fcller Thurgau<\/strong>, <strong>Rizling vla\u0161sk\u00fd<\/strong>, <strong>Rizling r\u00fdnsky<\/strong> a <strong>Veltl\u00ednske zelen\u00e9<\/strong>, vysaden\u00e9 zhruba na 70 % plochy. Modr\u00e9 mu\u0161tov\u00e9 odrody, predov\u0161etk\u00fdm <strong>Frankovka modr\u00e1<\/strong>, <strong>Sv\u00e4tovavrineck\u00e9<\/strong> a <strong>Andr\u00e9<\/strong>, zaberaj\u00fa iba 10 % plochy. Priemern\u00fd vek vinohradov je 30 \u2013 40 rokov, ale ka\u017edoro\u010dne prib\u00fadaj\u00fa aj obnoven\u00e9 v\u00fdsadby. Ve\u013ek\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 p\u00f4vodn\u00fdch vin\u00edc v\u0161ak ost\u00e1va neobroben\u00e1 a pustne, hlavne kv\u00f4li komplikovan\u00fdm vlastn\u00edckym vz\u0165ahom alebo nez\u00e1ujmu majite\u013eov.<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Vinohrady a v\u00edno po st\u00e1ro\u010dia ovplyv\u0148ovali ka\u017edodenn\u00fd \u017eivot vo Sv\u00e4tom Jure. Stali sa hlavn\u00fdm mot\u00edvom v\u0161etk\u00e9ho diania v meste, zdrojom bohatstva a sebavedomia me\u0161\u0165anov. Pri zakladan\u00ed vin\u00edc bolo potrebn\u00e9 vykl\u010dova\u0165 lesy a prekopa\u0165 p\u00f4du pred vysaden\u00edm vini\u010da. Odstra\u0148ovanie sk\u00e1l bolo pravidelnou \u010dinnos\u0165ou, ktor\u00fa po st\u00e1ro\u010dia vykon\u00e1vali cel\u00e9 gener\u00e1cie. Pr\u00e1ce sa za\u010d\u00ednali spravidla vo febru\u00e1ri rezom [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-11","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","post-preview"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.terroir.sk\/sjvs\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.terroir.sk\/sjvs\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.terroir.sk\/sjvs\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.terroir.sk\/sjvs\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.terroir.sk\/sjvs\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11"}],"version-history":[{"count":35,"href":"https:\/\/www.terroir.sk\/sjvs\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2119,"href":"https:\/\/www.terroir.sk\/sjvs\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/11\/revisions\/2119"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.terroir.sk\/sjvs\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}